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TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME VI
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv
FOREWORD xix
INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER I – Historical Outline 9
CHAPTER II – Religion, Philosophy, Art and the Idea of Progress 21
A) Religion 21
B) Philosophy 32
C) Art 46
D) The Idea of Progress 51
CHAPTER III – Science, Pseudoscience, Technology and Medical
Education 59
A) Mathematics, Astronomy and Navigation 59
B) Botany, Zoology and Embryology 65
C) Chemistry, Metallurgy and Mineralogy 77
D) Occultism, Prejudice and Taboos 80
E) Printing and Illustrations 94
F) Medical Education 98
CHAPTER IV – Anatomy 111
A) Pre-Vesalian Anatomy 118
a) Girolamo Manfredi (1430-1493) 120
b) Gabriele Zerbi (1445-1505) 126
c) Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) 131
d) Alessandro Benedetti (c.1450-c.1512) 142
e) Alessandro Achillini (1463-1512) 147
f) Berengario da Carpi (c.1460- c.1530) 151
g) Jacobus Sylvius (1478-1555) 161
h) Niccoló Massa (c.1490-1569) 171
i) Andrés de Laguna (c.1500-c.1560) 177
j) Charles Estienne (1504-1564) 181
k) Giovanni Battista Canano (1515-1579) 184
l) Others 187
B) Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) 193
a) Life 193
b) Works 204
i) Tabulae sex 207
ii) Venesection Letter 210
iii) De humani corporis fabrica 212
iv) Letter on the China Root 218
c) The Fabrica as a landmark 221
d) Conclusions 236
C) Post-Vesalian Anatomy 241
a) Bartolomeo Eustachio (c.1510-1574) 241
b) Michael Servetus (Miguel Serveto – 1511-1553) 249
c) Realdo Colombo (c.1515- 1559) 253
d) Gabriele Falloppio (1523-1562) 259
e) Gerolamo Fabrizio d’Acquapendente (c.1533-1619) 266
i) The Discovery of the Venous Valves 273
f) Giulio Casserio (c.1555-1616) 280
g) Others 286
D) Comparative Anatomy 313
E) Pathological Anatomy 316
a) Antonio Benivieni (c.1443-1502) 318
b) Others 327
F) Botanical and Anatomical Illustrations 330
G) The Anatomical Theater 334
CHAPTER V – Physiology 341
A) Lesser (or Pulmonary) Circulation 345
B) Greater (or Systemic) Circulation and the Role of Cesalpino 357
a) Evidence 359
b) Interpretations and Criticisms 371
c) Conclusions 395
C) The Brain 400
a) The Brain or the Heart? 400
b) Physiology of the Brain 403
CHAPTER VI – Medicine and Therapeutics 411
A) Old and New Medicine 411
B) The New Physicians 417
a) Niccoló Leoniceno (1428-1524) 418
b) Gerolamo Fracastoro (c.1478-1553) 423
c) Paracelsus (1493-1541) 429
i) Life and Works 430
ii) Worldview and Epistemology 434
iii) Medicine 437
Diseases 444
Therapy 448
Physicians 452
iv) Extravagant Praise 454
v) Conclusions 458
d) Gerolamo Cardano (1501-1576) 465
e) Jean Fernel (c.1497-1558) 476
f) Andrea Cesalpino (c.1525-1603) 483
g) Others 484
C) Contagion and Morbus gallicus 504
a) Contagion 504
b) Morbus gallicus 518
CHAPTER VII – Surgery and Obstetrics 533
A) General Surgery 536
a) Hieronymus Brunschwig (c.1440-c.1533) 539
b) Ambroise Paré (c.1510-1590) 543
c) Peter Lowe (c. 1550-c.1612) 560
d) Wilhelm Fabry von Hilden (Guilhelmus Fabricius
Hildanus – 1560-1634) 572
e) Others 579
B) Plastic Surgery 603
a) Gaspare (Gasparo) Tagliacozzi (1545-1599) 608
b) Leonardo Fioravanti (1517-c.1588) 619
c) Giovanni Battista Cortesi (1554-1636) 626
C) Obstetrics 627
a) Eucharius Rösslin (c.1470-1526) 633
b) Jacob Rueff (1500-1558) 635
c) Scipione Mercurio (Girolamo – c.1540-1615) 638
d) Others 641
e) Delivery positions and the Birth Chair 644
CHAPTER VIII – Overview 653
A) Anatomy 657
B) Physiology 663
C) Medicine and Therapeutics 667
D) Surgery 671
E) Hospitals 674
F) Veterinary Medicine 681
G) Medical Ethics 684
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 701
APPENDIX I – Alternative History of Medicine 711
APPENDIX II – Verbatim Comments of Reviewers 727
INDEX 781