TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME VI

 

 

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS                                                                                xv     

 

FOREWORD                                                                                                     xix     

 

INTRODUCTION                                                                                               1

 

CHAPTER I – Historical Outline                                                                   9

 

CHAPTER II – Religion, Philosophy, Art and the Idea of Progress        21

            A) Religion                                                                                              21

B) Philosophy                                                                                          32                

C) Art                                                                                                     46

            D) The Idea of Progress                                                                          51

 

CHAPTER III – Science, Pseudoscience, Technology and Medical

                                      Education                                                                  59

            A) Mathematics, Astronomy and Navigation                                            59

            B) Botany, Zoology and Embryology                                                       65

C) Chemistry, Metallurgy and Mineralogy                                                77

            D) Occultism, Prejudice and Taboos                                                        80

            E) Printing and Illustrations                                                                       94

            F) Medical Education                                                                              98

 

CHAPTER IV – Anatomy                                                                              111

            A) Pre-Vesalian Anatomy                                                                      118

                        a) Girolamo Manfredi (1430-1493)                                            120

                        b) Gabriele Zerbi (1445-1505)                                                   126

                        c) Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)                                             131

                        d) Alessandro Benedetti (c.1450-c.1512)                                   142

                        e) Alessandro Achillini (1463-1512)                                           147

                        f) Berengario da Carpi (c.1460- c.1530)                                    151

                        g) Jacobus Sylvius (1478-1555)                                                 161

                        h) Niccoló Massa (c.1490-1569)                                               171

                        i) Andrés de Laguna (c.1500-c.1560)                                         177

                        j) Charles Estienne (1504-1564)                                                 181

                        k) Giovanni Battista Canano (1515-1579)                                   184

                        l) Others                                                                                     187

            B) Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)                                                          193

                        a) Life                                                                                        193

                        b) Works                                                                                   204

                                 i) Tabulae sex                                                                   207

                                 ii) Venesection Letter                                                       210

                                 iii) De humani corporis fabrica                                        212

                                 iv) Letter on the China Root                                            218

                        c) The Fabrica as a landmark                                                    221

                        d) Conclusions                                                                           236

            C) Post-Vesalian Anatomy                                                                     241

                        a) Bartolomeo Eustachio (c.1510-1574)                                     241

                        b) Michael Servetus (Miguel Serveto – 1511-1553)                    249

                        c) Realdo Colombo (c.1515- 1559)                                           253

                        d) Gabriele Falloppio (1523-1562)                                             259

                        e) Gerolamo Fabrizio d’Acquapendente (c.1533-1619)              266

                                    i) The Discovery of the Venous Valves                            273

                        f) Giulio Casserio (c.1555-1616)                                                280

                        g) Others                                                                                    286

            D) Comparative Anatomy                                                                       313

            E) Pathological Anatomy                                                                         316

a)      Antonio Benivieni (c.1443-1502)                                          318

b)      Others                                                                                  327   

F) Botanical and Anatomical Illustrations                                                 330

G) The Anatomical Theater                                                                     334

 

CHAPTER V – Physiology                                                                             341

            A) Lesser (or Pulmonary) Circulation                                                      345

            B) Greater (or Systemic) Circulation and the Role of Cesalpino               357

                        a) Evidence                                                                                359

                        b) Interpretations and Criticisms                                                  371

                        c) Conclusions                                                                            395

            C) The Brain                                                                                           400

                        a) The Brain or the Heart?                                                           400

                        b) Physiology of the Brain                                                            403

 

CHAPTER VI – Medicine and Therapeutics                                                 411

            A)  Old and New Medicine                                                                     411

            B) The New Physicians                                                                           417

                        a) Niccoló Leoniceno (1428-1524)                                             418

                        b) Gerolamo Fracastoro (c.1478-1553)                                      423

                        c) Paracelsus (1493-1541)                                                          429

i) Life and Works                                                                  430

ii) Worldview and Epistemology                                             434

iii) Medicine                                                                           437

Diseases                                                                     444

Therapy                                                                      448

Physicians                                                                   452

iv) Extravagant Praise                                                            454

v) Conclusions                                                                      458

d) Gerolamo Cardano (1501-1576)                                            465

                        e) Jean Fernel (c.1497-1558)                                                     476

                        f) Andrea Cesalpino (c.1525-1603)                                            483

                        g) Others                                                                                    484

           

C) Contagion and Morbus gallicus                                                         504

                        a) Contagion                                                                               504

                        b) Morbus gallicus                                                                     518

           

CHAPTER VII – Surgery and Obstetrics                                                    533

            A) General Surgery                                                                                 536

a) Hieronymus Brunschwig (c.1440-c.1533)                               539

b) Ambroise Paré (c.1510-1590)                                               543

c) Peter Lowe (c. 1550-c.1612)                                                 560

d) Wilhelm Fabry von Hilden (Guilhelmus Fabricius

Hildanus – 1560-1634)                                                  572   

e) Others                                                                                    579

            B) Plastic Surgery                                                                                   603

a) Gaspare (Gasparo) Tagliacozzi (1545-1599)                          608

b) Leonardo Fioravanti (1517-c.1588)                                       619

c) Giovanni Battista Cortesi (1554-1636)                                    626

            C) Obstetrics                                                                                          627

                        a) Eucharius Rösslin (c.1470-1526)                                            633

                        b) Jacob Rueff (1500-1558)                                                       635

                        c) Scipione Mercurio (Girolamo – c.1540-1615)                        638

                        d) Others                                                                                    641

                        e) Delivery positions and the Birth Chair                                      644

 

CHAPTER VIII – Overview                                                                             653

            A) Anatomy                                                                                            657

            B) Physiology                                                                                          663

            C) Medicine and Therapeutics                                                                 667

            D) Surgery                                                                                              671

            E) Hospitals                                                                                            674

            F) Veterinary Medicine                                                                           681

            G) Medical Ethics                                                                                   684

 

GENERAL CONCLUSIONS                                                                            701

 

APPENDIX I – Alternative History of Medicine                                        711

 

APPENDIX II – Verbatim Comments of Reviewers                                    727

 

INDEX                                                                                                               781