TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME III
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
xv
FOREWORD
xix
INTRODUCTION
1
CHAPTER I - HISTORICAL OUTLINE
3
A) History
3
B) Social background
11
a) Culture, Economy, and Social Structure
12
b) Homosexuality in the Roman World
19
C) Conclusions
31
CHAPTER II - RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY
37
A) Religion
37
B) Philosophy
44
CHAPTER III - SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
53
A) Late Alexandria
53
B) Rome
60
C) Conclusions
70
CHAPTER IV - MEDICINE BEFORE GALEN
73
A) Asclepiades (1st cent. BC)
81
B) The Medical Schools in Rome
95
a) The Methodists
99
i) Themison (1st cent. BC-1st cent. AD)
126
ii) Antonius Musa (1st cent. BC-1st cent. AD)
128
iii) Thessalus of Tralles (1st cent. AD)
131
iv) Soranus of Ephesus (1st-2nd cent. AD)
135
v) Others
152
b) The Pneumatists
152
i) Athenaeus of Attaleia (fl. c.50 AD)
158
ii) Agathinus of Sparta (1st cent. AD)
160
iii) Heliodorus (60-140 AD)
162
iv) Antyllus (2nd cent. AD)
165
v) Others
170
c) The Eclectics
171
i) Archigenes of Apamea (1st-2nd cent. AD)
173
ii) Others
176
C) Scribonius Largus (early 1st cent. AD)
176
D) Celsus (early 1st cent. AD)
186
a) Anatomy and Physiology
195
b) Medicine and Therapeutics
199
c) Surgery and Obstetrics
203
d) Dentistry and Oral Surgery
210
e) Conclusions
215
E) The Encyclopedists
217
a) Varro (116-27 BC)
217
b) Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD)
225
c) Columella (1st cent. AD)
240
F) Dioscorides (1st cent. AD)
242
G) Rufus of Ephesus (1st-2nd cent. AD)
255
H) Aretaeus of Cappadocia (c.150-200 AD)
268
I) Others
282
J) Anatomy and Pharmacology before Galen
293
K) Conclusions
312
CHAPTER V – GALEN
315
A) Anatomy
337
B) Physiology
361
a) General Physiology
361
b) Neurophysiology
370
c) Respiratory Physiology
374
d) Cardiovascular Physiology
381
e) Gastrointestinal Physiology
423
f) Urinary-tract Physiology
428
g) Physiology of Reproduction
431
h) The Fetus and its Cardiovascular System
434
C) Pharmacology
437
D) Medicine
454
E) Surgery
471
F) Obstetrics and Gynecology
479
G) Conclusions
485
CHAPTER VI - MEDICINE AFTER GALEN
501
A) Sextus Empiricus (c.200-250 AD)
502
B) Quintus Serenus Sammonicus (c.200-235 AD)
505
C) Gargilius Martialis (d. 260 AD)
510
D) Oribasius (c.360 AD)
513
E) Theodorus Priscianus (c.400 AD)
516
F) Marcellus Empiricus (c.400 AD)
519
G) Caelius Aurelianus (4th-5th cent. AD)
524
H) Others
526
I) Conclusions
536
CHAPTER VII - ROMAN MILITARY MEDICINE
539
CHAPTER VIII - PHYSICIANS, EDUCATION, ETHICS, HOSPITALS,
AND PUBLIC HEALTH
573
A) Physicians
573
a) Physicians in the Roman World
573
b) Medical Specialties
593
c) Social and Financial Status of the Physician
600
d) Other Health Practitioners
606
B) Medical Education
610
C) Medical Ethics
616
D) Civilian Hospitals
623
E) Hygiene and Public Health
630
CHAPTER IX - CONTRACEPTION AND ABORTION IN THE
GRAECO-ROMAN WORLD
643
CHAPTER X - TALMUDIC MEDICINE
663
A) Historical Background
668
B) Anatomy and Physiology
670
C) Medicine and Therapeutics
676
D) Surgery
685
E) Obstetrics and Gynecology
689
F) Conclusions
693
CHAPTER XI – CHRISTIANITY, ANCIENT SCIENCE AND
MEDICINE
699
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
729
A) Ancient Pharmacology and Therapeutics
731
B) Anatomy and Surgery
753
C) Plagiarism
760
D) Women and Men
761
E) Effectiveness and Progress
763
F) Recessional
767
INDEX
771