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TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME I
FOREWORD TO THE FIRST EDITION
xix
FOREWORD TO THE SECOND EDITION
xxxiii
INTRODUCTION
1
CHAPTER I. Primitive and Naturalistic Non-Scientific Medicine
9
A) Primitive Medicine
9
B) Paleopathology
C)AncientSupernaturalisticMedicine
20
a) Neolithic Skull Trephining
21
b) Greek Primitive Medicine
33
c) Roman Primitive Medicine
44
d) Etruscan Medicine
46
D) Variolation, Voodoo, and Primitive Caesarian Section
49
E) Modern Supernaturalistic Medicine
56
F) Modern Naturalistic Non-Scientific Medicine
65
a) Osteopathy
66
b) Chiropractic
68
G) Conclusions
70
CHAPTER II. Chinese Medicine
73
A) Historical Background
73
B) Philosophy and Religion
84
C) Science and Technology
101
a) Astronomy
102
b) Magnetic Compass
105
c) Paper and Printing
106
d) Gunpowder
107
e) Others
108
D) Medicine
112
a) Supernaturalistic Medicine
115
i) Ancestral and Demonological Medicine
115
ii) Religious Medicine
121
b) Naturalistic Medicine
123
i) Medicine of Systematic Correspondence
123
Anatomy and Physiology
127
Medicine and Therapeutics
142
Surgery
151
ii) Pragmatic Drug Therapy
154
iii) The Second Millennium
158
E) Conclusions
166
CHAPTER III. Hindu Medicine
183
A) Historical Background
183
B) Philosophy and Religion
195
a) Hinduism
195
b) Buddhism
200
c) Jainism
204
C) Science and Technology
206
a) Cosmology and Astronomy
208
b) Mathematics
210
c) Chemistry and Alchemy
212
D) Medicine
214
a) Supernaturalistic Medicine
216
b) Naturalistic Medicine
224
i) Classic Period
224
Anatomy
229
Physiology
232
Medicine and Therapeutics
234
Surgery
239
Medical Education
245
ii) Alchemy and Tantras
248
iii) Muslim Period
250
E) Conclusions
254
CHAPTER IV. Egyptian Medicine
257
A) Historical Background
258
B) Literature
275
C) Philosophy and Religion
280
D) Science and Technology
291
E) Medicine
297
a) Sources
297
b) Supernaturalistic Medicine
302
c) Naturalistic Medicine
309
i) Anatomy and Physiology
309
ii) Pharmacology
316
iii) Medicine and Therapeutics
318
iv) Surgery
322
F) Physicians
330
G) Mummies and Mummy
335
a) Egyptian Mummies
336
b) Other Mummies
342
c) Mummy
354
H) Conclusions
358
CHAPTER V. Mesopotamian Medicine
365
A) Historical Background
365
B) Philosophy and Religion
373
C) Science and Technology
381
a) Writing
381
b) Mathematics
382
c) Astrology and Astronomy
384
d) Others
386
D) Medicine
387
a) Sources
388
b) Supernaturalistic Medicine
391
c) Naturalistic Medicine
398
i) Medicine and Therapeutics
399
ii) Surgery
408
iii) Physicians
413
E) Conclusions
417
CHAPTER VI. Ancient Persian Medicine
421
A) Historical Background
421
B) Religion
423
C) Medicine
426
D) Conclusions
433
CHAPTER VII. Biblical Medicine
437
A) Historical Background
437
B) Religion
441
C) Medicine
448
a) Diseases and Therapy
451
b) Public Health
457
c) Physicians, Midwives, Drugs, and Apothecaries
460
D) Conclusions
465
CHAPTER VIII. American Pre-Columbian Medicine
469
A) Historical Background
469
B) Religion and Society
473
C) Science and Technology
477
D) Medicine
480
a) Incas
481
b) Mayas
485
c) Aztecs
495
E) Use of Psychedelic Drugs and Tobacco
509
F) Conclusions
514
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
521
INDEX
535
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